House Appraisal

Moving money, duplexes, & unicorns.

February 26, 2020 By Ryan Lundquist 21 Comments

Moving money, duplexes, and unicorns. This sounds like a seriously boring blog post, but this is fascinating stuff and I hope you walk away with insight and maybe some ideas for where to focus business if you work in real estate. If you’re not local, are these trends happening in your market? I challenge you to find out.

Increasing 1031 Exchange Sales: Here’s an image to show all 1031 Exchange sales in the Sacramento region over the past two decades. In short, a 1031 Exchange is a way an investor basically swaps one property for another to minimize the tax burden. Often investors from outside a market will move money into a lower-priced market too, but that’s not always the case. Anyway, here are all 1031 Exchange sales on one graph. I know, there are way too many dots here. But do you see two main clusters? There were more sales in the last rising market cycle and there are more in today’s market.

I spoke with a 1031 Exchange guy and he echoed this is exactly the trend he is seeing out there. When a market is rising, investors tend to move money. I will say the stats here are not perfect because these are only sales where agents have input a 1031 happening. However, I believe most importantly we still have an accurate trend to see about the frequency of 1031s happening. For what it’s worth, about 85% of these exchanges were single family homes, so clearly investors wanting to park money in Sacramento aren’t just looking to the 2-4 unit market.

Brand new duplexes: This might not seem like a big deal, but here are four recent duplex builds in Sacramento. This hardly seems like a trend or worth mentioning, but being that there are literally about a dozen new duplex sales over the past ten years, it’s a big deal to see four right now. The good news for today is it’s possible in some situations to build a duplex and make the numbers work. We have a severe housing shortage in California too, so seeing more multi-unit properties is definitely something we desperately need.

Unicorn advice: If you are going to build a duplex, keep your costs down somehow and do something modern as it seems like units with a modern / contemporary feel are the ones selling at the top. Also, sometimes we see out-of-town investors pay more for two-unit properties. That’s a very real dynamic. Know that unicorn buyers are out there and when I see 2-4 unit properties sell for too much it’s often a Bay Area buyer (or 1031 Exchange). But be careful about pricing too high because that’s a quick way to get zero offers (seriously). My advice? Price for the market instead of the unicorn.

REGIONAL DUPLEX SALES: Here’s a quick look at two-unit (duplex) sales over the past two decades in the Sacramento region. I committed graph sin by not explaining “region” on the image (it’s Sacramento, Placer, Yolo, El Dorado county). What do you see?

A DIFFERENT TREND: When looking at Midtown and Downtown there is clearly a different trend. The rest of the two-unit market hasn’t quite seemed to eclipse where prices were in 2005, but that’s absolutely not the case in Midtown. It just goes to show the market isn’t showing the same trend everywhere.

Anyway, I hope that was helpful. Thanks for being here.

Questions: What stands out to you about the images above? What have you noticed about the duplex market? Anything to add?

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The market is hot (but dull on paper)

February 12, 2020 By Ryan Lundquist 9 Comments

The market looks really dull on paper, but it’s not. Well, the latest sales stats from January are sluggish, but one of the worst things we can do this time of year is get stuck on sales. The problem is the market is actually heating up right now, but we just won’t see it for a couple months until current hot pendings start closing escrow. Here are a few fresh analogies to help explain this dynamic. Then for those interested, let’s take a deep dive into the market.

Examples to explain the market at this time of year:

Pregnancy test: You can technically be pregnant but an over-the-counter test won’t tell you that for a couple of weeks. Similarly, the market is heating up, but we won’t see the results of the market changing for a couple months until current pendings start closing escrow.

Getting a pay raise: You got a pay raise, but you won’t see it reflected until your next paycheck in a few weeks or months. The market is exactly like that. Something good is happening, but we don’t quite see it in the sales stats yet (but we do see it in the pendings).

Election results: The polls jut closed and there’s definitely a winner, but we don’t know who it is until the votes are actually counted. This reminds us of today. We don’t always know exactly what the stats are going to be in a couple months, but we do sense the market getting hot.

Planting a seed: The market is like planting a seed. You know something is growing, but you cannot see it yet until it pokes above ground in a month or two.

Thank you Twitter friends for helping me crowdsource some of these examples.

CLASS I’M TEACHING: By the way, I’m doing my favorite class at SAR on Feb 18th from 9am-12pm called “How to Think Like an Appraiser.” Sign up here.

THE BIG POINT: In a normal January and February the market is in a weird spot. It’s out of hibernation from the holidays, but we might not see any upward value movement in sales stats until March (even though the market started heating up in January and February). The truth? Data lags the trend. I remind myself of this every year. Anyway, here are some things to watch right now:

I hope that was helpful or interesting.

—–——– Big local market update (long on purpose) —–——–

This post is designed to skim or digest slowly.

THE SHORT VERSION:

January stats were down
Hot stats have an asterisk
Strong pendings so far
The market feels like 2017
Competitive feel vs increases
Pretty weak January volume
No “full” priced offers yet
Multiple offers growing
Sales volume feels normal (sort of)
Why volume slumped
Low rates are like steroids
Listings are coming
Ain’t nothing wrong with a slower pace
More visuals for surrounding counties

DOWNLOAD 82 visuals: Please download all graphs here as a zip file. See my sharing policy for 5 ways to share (please don’t copy verbatim).

THE LONGER VERSION:

January stats were down: Usually January real estate numbers are sluggish, which is why we shouldn’t look to them to boost our self-esteem. This makes sense though because closed sales reflect what the market was doing during November and December when these properties got into contract. Here’s a good picture of the market where you can see clear softening from December to January in every category (this is normal for the time of year).

Hot stats have an asterisk: Most price metrics right now are up 5-7% compared to last year and this makes the market sound super hot. But one thing we have to realize is we’re comparing today with a very dull season last year. So for the past few months we’ve seen sexy stats that make it seem like the market is going insane, but we need to be aware of how easily numbers can get inflated if we don’t recognize how dull the market was then compared to now.

Strong pendings so far: The sales numbers for January are dull, but the seasonal market is definitely heating up. We just don’t quite see it in the stats yet. Last week 500 properties got into contract in the Sacramento Region. There were 600 new listings also. Overall pendings look to be up slightly compared to the past couple years at this time.

The market feels like 2017: It’s important to recognize the temperature of the market is definitely changing for the season as it’s getting “hot” around here, but it’s not also the type of hyper-aggressive market we saw in 2013 either. I think a good way to describe today is it’s a price-sensitive sellers’ market that feels much more like 2016 or 2017 rather than 2013.

Competitive feel vs aggressive increases: The market is definitely competitive out there, but it’s also important to realize it’s possible to have a really competitive market without crazy value increases either. In other words, we can have lots of competition without enormous price gains. This is sort of what much of last year felt like actually where the market was competitive but price increases were more subdued. Of course the verdict is still out on this spring season, and it’s frankly going to be interesting to see how the numbers evolve in light of how low mortgage rates are.

Pretty weak January volume: The positive news is this January sales volume was up about 6% compared to last year, but it was actually the second lowest January in terms of sales volume in over a decade in Sacramento County.

No “full” priced offers yet: Did you watch “Full House” from the 80s and 90s? I sure did. But I’ll admit I haven’t jumped on the “Fuller House” reboot on Netflix. I’m just not interested. Anyway, the “Full House” home in San Francisco has been on the market and it’s not selling. It’s almost like buyers aren’t willing to overpay just because the house was on TV… Seriously though, this is a great lesson. Buyers won’t pay any price, but they will pay the right price. Did you hear that sellers?

Multiple offers growing: An interesting way to gauge the market is to consider multiple offers beause it’s a clue into the current market. We don’t have sales stats yet to show a “hot” spring, but we do have pendings, and this says something. Last month 44.5% of sales had more than one offer. This is actually higher than it was last year or any year for that matter since our MLS began tracking the number of offers.

Sales volume is normalizing (sort of): For over a year we saw sales volume drop, but over the past six months we’ve been coming out of the slump. Well, technically. Stats have been up these past six months, but we have to take this news in context because we’re comparing today’s numbers with really dull stats from the previous year. In short, on one hand we’ve seen volume sort of normalize so to speak over the past two quarters, but on the other hand we’re still down from previous years as you can see in the second image below. In fact, this past year saw about 1,500 to 2,000 fewer sales compared with the clear trend from 2016 through 2018. But here’s the thing to remember. Sales volume was lower these past two years, but it’s also on the lower side of normal. So if we look at 2014 and 2015, for instance, we can see this clearly. But the bigger truth is we’ve seemed to break away from the higher trend from 2016 through 2018. So in this regard sales volume is still down. Are we now entering a new normal with lower volume? We’ll see.

Why volume slumped: When giving market updates the conversation about slumping volume almost always leads into talking about anemic listings. The idea is volume has slumped because there are fewer listings available. It sounds logical because if you have fewer listings, you’re going to have fewer sales. The truth is over time if sellers don’t list this could absolutely affect sales volume. But here’s the thing to remember. When volume started to really slump in 2018 it wasn’t because of a lack of listings. It was because mortgage rates shot up and it shocked buyers out of the market. Buyers definitively put their foot on the brakes and we saw the effect of that for over a year. So while anemic listings can certainly influence sales volumes figures over time I think we have to recognize that what started this was a reaction against increasing rates (which is really about affordability).

Low rates are like steroids: Mortgage rates have almost never been as low as they are right now, and we have a market that is very sensitive to rate changes. So when rates move up, we really feel it and the market gets dull. Likewise, when rates drop, buyers jump into the game and the market feels much more competitive. Buyers at the moment need to get into contract quickly to lock in a low rate, so that only compounds a competitive feel.

Expect more listings: Buyers have been patiently waiting for good product to hit the market and that’s finally beginning to happen. There are hundreds more listings going live every week and we can expect to see this continue through probably mid-Summer (which is the normal trend).

Ain’t nothing wrong with a slower pace: There is no mistaking a slower pace of price growth lately. As you can see when looking at the annual median price in the Sacramento region, the market has clearly decelerated. This doesn’t mean it’s declining. It just means growth has been slower compared with the beginning of this real estate cycle. My observation is sometimes the real estate community struggles to admit this because people buy into the idea that you can only say good things about the market. But markets don’t always increase and they aren’t always aggressive either.

Okay, I need to mention one thing. When we look at the past quarter of sales for each respective year we actually see a more robust quarter this past year. Does this mean the market is starting to accelerate? Well, that could be, and mortgage rates could certainly be an x-factor here. But one thing we do need to consider is last year the market was REALLY dull, so I wouldn’t put too much stock for now in comparing today’s numbers with last year. My advice? Let’s get a few more months of data before drawing conclusions.

I could write more, but let’s get visual instead.

Thanks for respecting my content: Please don’t copy my post verbatim or alter the images in any way. I will always show respect for your original work and give you full credit, so I ask for that same courtesy. Here are 5 ways to share my content.

Please enjoy more images now.

SACRAMENTO REGION (more graphs here):

SACRAMENTO COUNTY (more graphs here):

PLACER COUNTY (more graphs here):

EL DORADO COUNTY (more graphs here):

DOWNLOAD 82 visuals: Please download all graphs here as a zip file. See my sharing policy for 5 ways to share (please don’t copy verbatim).

Questions: Do you have any analogies to add to my list above? What stands out to you about the market right now? What are you seeing out there? Anything to add?

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That place where shiplap & murder meet

October 29, 2019 By Ryan Lundquist 25 Comments

There’s going to be a new home renovation show that focuses on murder houses. How crazy is that? It’ll be called Murder House Flip and it’s going to air in 2020. I can already imagine adding shiplap to the walls to erase a heinous history… Anyway, here are some things on my mind.

1) Not the home’s fault: Often when talking about notorious homes we hear things like, “It’s not the home’s fault” or “It’s unfair to penalize the house.” I get that, but let’s remember buyers aren’t just purchasing the home. They’re inheriting all the stories and history too. Anyone who has ever owned a home knows this is true because neighbors will definitely tell you about the previous owners and especially anything big that happened at the property. While a home is technically innocent, it doesn’t mean buyers aren’t discerning or making judgement calls about value.

2) Stigma fades: A property with a crime in its past can certainly have a diminished value, but the loss in value may not last forever. What I mean is right after a gnarly situation buyers might react quite negatively, but over time the tendency is to care less, forget, move on, or not even know what happened decades ago. It would be like saying, “A man was murdered here yesterday” compared to “A man was murdered here in 1917.” Would there be a difference in your mind? Maybe so. But for something really notorious the question becomes how long stigma can last. This is why I’m watching the John Wayne Gacy property. The original home was actually demolished, but can stigma remain with the site despite the new home?

3) No one-size-fits-all adjustment: How much does a murder affect value? There’s no one answer to satisfy all situations. It likely depends on when the murder occurred, the nature of what happened, and whether it took place inside or outside. It could also depend on the price range or location as some sub-markets are more sensitive than others. My experience locally is buyers at lower price points tend to be more forgiving about certain issues compared to higher price points (generally speaking).

4) One buyer vs the market: It’s possible a particular buyer might not care about a property’s history, but market value isn’t just about one buyer. What would most buyers pay? Last year I ran a poll about the alleged Golden State Killer’s house and asked people to consider if there would be any price impact if this home came to the market. It was a fascinating conversation with many layers, but one thing that kept coming up was the idea that one buyer might not even care. That’s true. But again, market value isn’t just about what one buyer would do. It’s like this. Imagine lining up 100 qualified and interested buyers. What would be reasonable for them to pay? That’s sort of what market value looks like.

5) Crunching numbers: I appraised a murder house recently and interviewed about ten local real estate agents who sold a murder property in the past. Here’s a blurred view of my data collection. Some agents said there wasn’t any impact to price and others would say stuff like, “It probably sold $25,000 lower.” In short, the answer wasn’t always the same, which meant I had to consider which data points were relevant for my situation. This is huge because it’s easy to find one murder house and call it a day because now we have data. But what happened with one home under $200,000 may not mean anything at the $800,000 price point. Thus some data toward the lower end of the market ended up being less relevant during my appraisal.

An episode of Murder House Flip in Sacramento: There’s going to be an episode set in Sacramento to focus on the Dorothea Puente property. If you didn’t know, she was an older woman who ran a “boarding” house in the early 80s, but instead of giving clients respite she drugged them, buried them in the backyard, and collected their social security checks. This property has sold four times in the past twenty years as seen below.

By the way, there was a documentary made about this house and the owner has even given tours. This goes to show another aspect of a famous home is monetization. In this case though the owner donated tour proceeds toward organizations working with the homeless.

Keep in mind entire books are written about this stuff and I’m only scraping the surface here. I hope it was interesting or helpful though.

Questions: Are you going to watch this new show? What stands out to you above? Any other thoughts?

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Can you use brand new sales from the builder as comps?

August 21, 2019 By Ryan Lundquist 13 Comments

I get asked this question all the time. “What do you do for comps when a home is only one year old? Can you compare it to brand new homes from the builder?” Here are a few things on my mind.

Builders vs you: It’s important to step back and understand that builders are able to let buyers customize features in a house, and that’s a big deal. This is one of the alluring things about buying a new home, and it’s not something a typical seller is going to do. Thus right away a builder has more power than an owner in the resale market.

Fading premium: Just as buyers tend to pay a price premium for a brand new car, the same thing happens in real estate. And just like a car begins to depreciate when it’s driven off the lot, the same thing happens with a home. When you’ve lived in a home, it’s no longer 100% brand new, so it may not command that same price premium in the market.

The market doesn’t care about your rear landscaping: I often hear, “But my home is better than the brand new ones because I put in rear landscaping. The builder models don’t have a rear yard.” That may be true, but the market might not care about that. The premium a buyer is willing to pay for a brand new house could still likely outweigh your rear landscaping (assuming we’re talking about standard landscaping).

Credits & incentives: Let’s remember builders can offer credits and incentives to close deals and keep prices high. When a market starts to soften especially, we have to ask what concessions are being included to continue to boost prices higher. This is key to understand because if brand new homes have padded prices, they probably aren’t ideal examples of what the market is really willing to pay. Here’s the better question. What would the market pay without all the concessions?

Resale homes rule: In an ideal world we want to find other homes that are one or two years old. Is there any price difference between the new models and resale homes not sold by the builder? That’s the big question and I realize it could be a fat chance we’re going to find something. But don’t be afraid to look through multiple years of sales too. Even if you have an older sale from a few years ago you can compare it to other newer ones at the time. How much of a price difference was there if any? Did the new ones still sell for more? Don’t forget to look to other competitive new developments in town too. You might get some insight there when it comes to brand new vs newer homes.

Keep an eye on the new stuff: I’m not saying to ignore new sales altogether or even to not use them. We should keep an eye on them for sure. Let’s just be cautious about flippantly choosing three brand new sales from the builder and calling it a day without really thinking through whether there is a price difference between brand new vs newer. If I was appraising in this situation I would hope to find at least one resale home somewhere, but I’d also be fine using brand new homes as comps too (but they might need an adjustment down).

The market: Keep in mind there are situations where the market may have gone up, but if the owner also lost some value due to a fading new construction premium, it’s possible the home might not sell for more than it was purchased for.

I hope this was helpful or interesting.

Questions: Which point resonates with you most? What did I miss? Any stories to share?

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