Are you confused about where to install carbon monoxide detectors? I hope I can paint a helpful picture for you today so you have a better idea what to do.
When are CO detectors required? First off, as of July 1, 2011, it became state law in California for carbon monoxide detectors to be installed. CO detectors are only required for houses that have either an attached garage, fireplace or gas heater or appliance. Technically, if a house ran on electric only, had no fireplace and a detached garage, it does not need a carbon monoxide detector.
Where should carbon monoxide detectors be placed? They should be installed specifically outside of each sleeping area in a house (there could be multiple areas), on each level of the house and in the basement also. You may only need one carbon monoxide detector in your house, but you could need several detectors depending on the layout of your home. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines on the package first and foremost to ensure you have properly installed your detector. Moreover, if you’re unsure whether you need an additional detector or it is somewhat questionable, keep in mind detectors are fairly inexpensive. It’s better to be safe than sorry, right?
Here are some examples for you of various scenarios for determining how many carbon monoxide detectors are needed.
Example 1: There is one small hallway connecting all bedrooms in this single story house, so there is only one carbon monoxide detector required as indicated by the blue dot.
Example 2: There are two different sleeping areas in this single story house, so there is a need for two carbon monoxide detectors as indicated by the blue dots. See the video below (or here) of a walk-through of this house.
Example 3: This is a two-story home with a need for three carbon monoxide detectors since there are two floors as well as two separate sleeping areas upstairs.
Here is a video tour of Example 2 above to help you visualize installation:
By the way, Sacramento County Code Section B-8 R315.1 and R315.2 says the following regarding where carbon monoxide detectors should be installed (exactly what I said above):
- Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedroom(s).
- On every level of a dwelling unit including basements.
Lastly, in case you did not know, carbon monoxide detectors are required by FHA since it is California state law. Since missing CO detectors are one of the most common FHA repair issues, it’s a good idea to install them before the appraiser inspects your home if you are doing an FHA loan.
I hope this was helpful. Let me know if you have any questions.
If you liked this post, subscribe by email (or RSS). Thanks for being here.
I was told that even an all electric home with no garage or fireplace has a electric stove and W/H which can remit some CO gas. Is the CO detector required in this case?
Thanks John. If the home is an electric home, it probably wouldn’t have a gas water heater. If the water heater is gas though, then it sounds like a CO detector would be needed. If not, then there shouldn’t be a need for one when the home is all electric, no garage (or detached garage), no gas appliances and no fireplace.
I just bought 2 CO detectors (KIdde ). I live in Florida and my house is all electric with an attached garage. I placed the detector’s in the garage just to see if they would get a reading. To my surprise they have displayed in 30-40’s on several days. The tonight they both chirped because they were reading 145/146. The car had not been moved all day and was never started. The garage does have 2 gas cans that have gas in it but otherwise there is nothing that has combustible fuel in it.
It’s kind of hard to believe that both units are bad or are Kidde units known for false positives?
Thanks.
Dave, I am not really qualified to say whether your CO detector is a good one or not. I do know there is a quality spectrum, and I’ve heard the cheap ones from chain stores are not as good as the very expensive ones (I know, that sounds obvious). From personal experience, my son had a remote controlled toy in his room that would make our CO detector in the hallway sound an alarm when the toy was turned on. I don’t understand how that was happening, but it seemed the toy’s frequency was somehow interfering with the detector. I just know we had to get rid of that detector because it was not working as it should because it was creating a false positive (and the alarm was very loud). I bring this up to say that some CO detectors do create false positives. I do not recall the brand we had. It might be worth poking around online to see if others have had a similar experience with the brand you mentioned. I hope you figure it out, and obviously I hope there is no legitimate issue at your home.
Ryan, a question regarding locations of CO detectors in relation to smoke detectors…..
If only one CO detector is required outside of multiple BR’s that share a hallway, but you still need smoke detectors inside of each of the BR’s, I’m assuming you can put one combo smoke/CO detector in each BR and be ‘overly compliant’ for the CO detector requirements and not require the one in the hallway?
Also, I saw nothing in documentation that requires either smoke or CO detectors in other areas of the dwelling such as Living or Kitchen rooms. Although ‘more is safer’, do either need to be in any part of the dwelling other than the BR areas?
Thanks in advance,
Jeff
Hi Jeff. Thanks for checking in. First, I should say the definitive source for the answers to your questions needs to be your city/county. With that being said, I’ll say smoke detectors are required in bedrooms in my area, but they are also required in the hallway outside of bedrooms. Thus in my area the plan to put a combo detector inside a bedroom wouldn’t fly because a smoke (and CO detector) needs to be outside the bedroom also. A smoke detector is often found in the Living Room too.
In case it’s useful for any onlookers, here is some background on smoke detectors and whether appraisers require them: https://sacramentoappraisalblog.com/2014/01/23/do-appraisers-require-smoke-detectors/
I have propane operated fireplaces in my bedroom. I keep my bedroom door closed all the time. Should I put a CO alarm inside the bedroom or just outside in the hall by the room.
Thank you.
Hi Janice. That is a really good question. I think the most qualified person to answer is your local fire department or your local county. You might want to call up the fire department and simply ask them for their input. They should know the answer. I don’t want to step outside of the scope of my general knowledge as am appraiser and offer you specific advice that should really come from the fire department or county. Thanks for stopping by.
My mother passed away and we are selling her home in CA. The home was built in 1989 and there are no electrical outlets in the upstairs hallway where three bedrooms are located. Are we required to pay an electrician to install an outlet there so we can plug in a carbon monoxide device?
Hi Linda. Thank you for checking in. I’m sorry to hear about your loss. You do not have to pay an electrician because carbon monoxide detectors can either plug in or operate by batteries. Simply get one that needs batteries. 🙂
Thanks ~ I did a Google search after I posted that and found that we can buy a battery operated device for about $20. Perfect solution.
Fantastic. That’s great to hear. Good luck on the sale Linda.
Can an Appraiser insist on smoke detectors in Contra Costa County before doing an appraisal ?
Hi Norval. Thank you for reaching out. An appraiser can insist on smoke detectors in any location. If an appraiser is doing so before the inspection, it is probably because the lender client is requesting the appraiser to ask about. In the end if you are doing a refinance, and the appraiser has to come back out to check to see if smoke detectors are there, you are probably going to pay about $150 more to see that happen. If this is for a purchase, it could save the Borrower money to avoid an additional trip fee too. None of my clients make this request of me, but I have heard of some lender clients that do want appraisers to ask. I will say two of my lender clients are very strict about smoke detectors, and they hands-down want them installed regardless of the age of the property. I find in many of these cases the loan officer has talked to the home owner already about the issue, or at the least there has been a mention about a carbon monoxide detector. If you have any other questions, let me know.
I read most of the comments, not all. Just want to say that CO2 is heavy and it sinks to the floor. Smoke rises up to the ceiling. So combo detectors may exist but will not provide protection. CO2 alarms are placed close to the floor and smoke alarms generally on the ceiling or near it.
Hi Henree. Thank you for the comment. I think there is wisdom in your words. Often CO detectors are added simply as a technicality to get a loan, but one has to ask what type of detector might be more optimal for actual protection. Being that I’m an appraiser, I tend to not offer advice about location or type of detector, but I will say it is worth considering. Thank you again.
In fact, CO (carbon monoxide) is slightly lighter than air. Therefore, ceiling is preferable place for it. Note that CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a very different gas and should not be confused with CO.
Thank you so much Petro. I appreciate your comment.
I’m having a little difficulty understanding the requirement. Are CO detectors required on every level regardless of whether there is a bedroom on that leve? If all bedrooms are upstairs in 2-story townhouse, could there be just 1 CO detector outside of that sleeping area?
Also, what constitutes a separate sleeping area? Is it a distance from the other bedrooms? I have a situation where all bedrooms are upstairs. The master is off to the right and 2 other bedrooms are off to the left. Conceivably, a single CO detector could be put right at the top of the stairs?
Hi Graymoment. Thanks for checking in. Yes, CO detectors are required on every level regardless of whether there is a bedroom on that level. If all bedrooms upstairs are located off the same hallway, it’s likely there is only one CO detector required. However, the letter of the law may have a different rule if the hallway is too long, so I want to mention that just in case. I won’t step out to be the expert on hallway distances, so I’ll defer to local code and the fire marshal on that one. A separate sleeping area would be a separate hallway or area where there are additional bedrooms (or just one bedroom). I included an example of that in the images above so you can see how one side of a house has a wing of bedrooms and the other side is a different wing of bedrooms. In that case there would be multiple CO detectors required. Realistically from an appraisal standpoint, a lender client will likely want the appraiser to report there is a CO detector upstairs and downstairs (and nearing the sleeping area somewhere), but they are probably not going to split hairs over an exact location (so long as it is outside of the bedrooms somewhere). I find most lender clients simply want a photo and a general description. As an appraiser, I want to avoid liability too, so I don’t say whether the CO detector location is working or whether the location conforms exactly with code or not. My job is to give a value to the house rather than interpret or report code. From a safety standpoint though, just be sure to read the fine print from the manufacturer of the CO detector as well as the fine print of local code.
Henree has CO2 and CO confused. Carbon monoxide (CO) is not heavier than air and so does not sink to the ground. It’s density is slightly less than air and so it tends to mix hence a CO detector is just as effective at any height.
Thanks Richard. I appreciate your take on the matter. Sincerely.
I live in California and have several questions;
1. Are detectors required in a multi car garage that also houses a propane water heater and forced hot air heater appliance? This is area of some 1100 sqft so if a detector is required should it be placed in proximity to the propane appliances or centralized in the space? Should multiple detectors be considered?
2. We have a very large open design space that includes the kitchen, living room, dining room and family room with wood burning fireplace. At one end of this 1800 sqft area is a hallway with a detector. This space is open without walls. Are additional detectors require and should it be centrally located in the space?
3. We are adding a closet/exercise room to our second floor. The access to the room is from the outside or through the existing master bedroom closet. Is a detector required?
Sorry for the long inquiry and thanks in advance,
BB
Hi BB. Thank you for reaching out. You ask some challenging questions and this is where I would defer to the local Fire Marshal in your area. For what it’s worth, I have not heard of a CO alarm being required in a garage. Regarding #2, if there are no bedrooms on that level, you may only need one. However, if it is really large and a fire marshal thinks you might need multiple ones, this is where I would defer to whatever the local authority said. From an appraisal standpoint appraisers during a loan will look for an alarm near each sleeping area and at least one on each level. To me the code seems ambiguous about the placement on the level without bedrooms, so I certainly don’t get anal about where it should be located. As an appraiser I simply note what is present or not. Your example in #3 does not sound like a new level or a bedroom, so it may not need a CO alarm. I would think a smoke detector would be required. If you get permits, the city or county will let you know. From an appraisal standpoint (which is the only standpoint I am speaking from), I would not care if there was not a CO alarm present in a situation like that.
We just bought a 3 bd house with a basement and sleeping area as well. Where should we place the carbon monoxide alarms and smoke alarms?
Hi Linda. It’s hard to understand if there is a sleeping area in the basement, but if that’s the case it’s probably best to include smoke alarms and a CO alarm in the basement as would be required upstairs. Just to be safe.
For a two floor rental unit in my 5 unit apartment, do I need two co detectors?
One by garage on 1st floor, 2nd one on the hall way off all bedrooms. Thanks
Yes. There should be a CO alarm on each floor (even if there are not rooms intended for sleeping on that floor). It sounds like you have it figured out because you are focusing on the sleeping area on the floor upstairs and then one simply by the garage below.
My multi-family building built in 1992.
Would I need to install 2 co detectors as the unit has 2 floors? Thanks.
CO alarms are required regardless of the year built, though technically CO detectors are only required for houses that have either an attached garage, fireplace or gas heater or appliance. Technically, if a house ran on electric only, had no fireplace and a detached garage, it does not need a carbon monoxide detector. On the other hand smoke detectors may or may not be required based on the year built (though lenders would require them in most cases and it’s probably best to just have them). https://sacramentoappraisalblog.com/2014/01/23/do-appraisers-require-smoke-detectors/
Code tells us CO alarms should be placed near sleeping areas, though it also tells us we need to have one on each floor. I’ve yet to see any real clarification on where it should be located on a floor without bedrooms, so I’d defer to your local code on that in case it gets more specific. Maybe just call the city or county real quick to verify. Otherwise I think most appraisers in my market simply verify one is somewhere on the floor (when there are no bedrooms). I often see owners put it somewhere in the Living Room or near the garage. Keep in mind though what appraisers check for is during the loan process and may or may not reflect what fire code requires.
Hi Ryan,
I work in an apartment building and we do have gas water heater located on the patio outside the unit. Are we still required tout the CO2 detector in each unit?
Hi Emma. I wish I could speak to that. I really only do residential, and an apartment building would be commercial. If there is a gas furnace inside the building though, that might be something to consider. I would look up local code for apartments though to be sure. Hopefully code requires a CO alarm if there are any systems or appliances that emit gas.